August 27, 2007

Introductions

Review of course objectives, readings, assignments, projects, and grading. Blogging as a medium for research, discourse, and documentation. Required text: Multimedia From Wagner to Virtual Reality, edited by Randall Packer & Ken Jordan.

Discussion of digital media and its implication for blurring the relationship between reality and fiction through imaginary contexts, narrative, imaging, and the construction of virtual worlds. View and discuss the digital photography of Nancy Davenport.

Setup blogs in blogger.com and review the form for writing summaries of readings and projects.

Setup accounts on Multimedia server: mmdd.katzen.american.edu

Software used in course by project: (1) Firefox, Photoshop; (2) Soundtrack; (3) Final Cut Pro, Compressor, above; (4) Dreamweaver, above.

Required Reading, Multimedia: From Wagner to Virtual Reality
order on-line through Amazon.com

Reading: William Gibson, "Geeks & Artboys"

Assignment (due Aug. 27): Blog entry - summary of the "Photography of Nancy Davenport"
Assignment (due Aug. 30): Blog entry - summary of "Geeks & Artboys"

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August 30, 2007

Forms of Multimedia

Review Rhizome resources, an on-line community for digital artists, including the news archives and setup Rhizome user accounts.

Discussion of the essential forms of multimedia: integration, interactivity, hypermedia, and immersion. The relationship between art and technology, artists and scientists as discussed in the essay by William Gibson.

Viewing of seminal multimedia works by Nam June Paik, John Cage, and E.A.T. (Experiments in Art & Technology)

Overview of the Situational Tours project, examples from past students, google mapping, selecting a site, etc.

Visit New Media Center, 210 Hurst Hall

Reading: Randall Packer & Ken Jordan, "Overture," Multimedia: From Wagner to Virtual Reality

Assignment (due 9/6): Blog entry - I will assign a section for each student to pose question/write summary for the "Overture."
Assignment (due 9/6): Blog entry - Choose and Google map a location for the Situational Tours project and describe the location in relation to the four keywords (see description below).

Continue reading "Forms of Multimedia" »

September 6, 2007

Media Integration

Rhizome News: Media artist Eddo Stern, Game Freak

Discussion of the "Overture" essay from Multimedia.

The integration of image and text will be applied through the construction of narrative using the concept of the "Situational Tours." Discussion of narrative strategies that involve the interplay between image and text: descriptive, fantasy, socio-cultural, political, etc.

Presentation of Situational Tours locations and Google Maps. How do the locations correspond to the keywords: ritual, ideology, security, authority

Techniques for image preparation in Photoshop.

Reading: Dick Higgins, “Intermedia”

Assignment (due 9/10): Blog entry - summary of "Intermedia"
Assignment (due 9/17): Situational Tour project

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September 10, 2007

Situational Tours

Work on Situational Tour projects: upload images from photo shoots, apply adjustments, and write your narrative

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September 13, 2007

Situational Tours

Work on Situational Tours projects

Upload your images and text to Blogger.

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September 17, 2007

Critique 1

Presentation of the Situational Tours project.

For the critique, be prepared to walk us through your situational tour, discuss the narrative and how you approached the assignment. Most importantly, be prepared to discuss how the project changed your perception of the location you chose, do you see it differently now? How so?

Reading: John Cage, "Diary: Audience 1966" (Integration chapter)

Assignment (due 9/20): Blog entry - question + summary of "Diary: Audience 1996"

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September 20, 2007

Time-based composition

An introduction to compositional technique that involves the control and manipulation of time in the medium of sound. Each student will develop a project in the form of the "soundscape," a sonic construction that explores the spatial, temporal and narrative possibilities of audio space.

Assignment (due 10/4): Soundcape project

September 24, 2007

Soundscape

Ancient life was all silence. In the nineteenth century, with the invention of the machine, Noise was born. Today, Noise triumphs and reigns supreme over the sensibility of men.

Introduction to the art of sound. Artists move across the boundaries of discipline without shifting their strategies. Conceptual approaches are reapplied to the medium of sound. In this assignment, we will explore sound art as a complex narrative medium situated in both physical and virtual space.

Project I: Each student will create a "soundscape," an audio environment based on the interpretation of a chosen locale or space using the form and process of the "situational tour."

Reading Assigment (due 9/27): John Cage, "Diary, 1966" (interactivity chapter)

Discuss walkthrough recordings
Introduce Audio Tech Sound Library, review Soundtrack file import and editing

Review recording technique

-- setting up a digital audio recorder
-- use of a microphone
-- recording fundamentals
-- transferring files to the computer

Introduction to Apple Soundtrack

-- fundamentals of sound editing (waveform, sampling rate, bit depth, amplitude,

stereo separation, envelopes, beats, SMPTE,
-- accessing sounds from the library
-- using the browser
-- selecting a sampling rate
-- auditioning and multi-track mixing in the timeline
-- editing in the file editor
-- editing volume, pan envelopes
-- exporting a mixdown file

Continue reading "Soundscape" »

September 27, 2007

Art of Sound

Discussion of John Cage and his essay, "Diary: Audience 1966"

Work on Soundscape projects. For today's session:

Import your sounds into Soundtrack, lay them out chronological to begin with, and apply markers that designate points of interest. As you notice a narrative emerge, make a new copy of your Soundtrack file with sounds and markers, and cut the sounds, re-arrange them, shorten them, so that the overall length of the piece is between 2 and 4 minutes. If you still have time, import sounds from the Audio Tech library and place them into new tracks to transform and heighten specific moments in the piece. These sounds can be similar or contrasted, but find those that add interesting textures and help articulate sound events. You can also layer sounds within your recording to thicken or elongate the textures.

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October 1, 2007

Art of Sound

Work on Soundscape Projects

With sounds imported, marked, and condensed into a 2 - 4 minute time duration, determine the narrative ideas you want to explore and elaborate. How can the piece depart from the original? Which sounds can be extracted and further layered? Are there additional sounds from the library you would like to add?

As you expand the piece into additional tracks with excerpts of sounds, new sounds, etc., use the volume and pan controls to mix the amplitude levels and stereo placement respectively. Use these controls to highlight certain sounds. The controls can be used dynamically to create change over time.

As an optional technique, explore the effects. Try adding reverberation to one of your sounds to create atmosphere. The delay effect will give you an echo quality. Try experimenting with effects but not until you have established the overall mix, amplitude levels, panning, and textural qualities.

The final step is to import your sound, which we will do on Thursday at the beginning of class before the critique.

Continue reading "Art of Sound" »

October 4, 2007

Critique 2

Presentation of the Soundcape project.

Export sound projects
Hand in projects on CD-ROM

Assignment (due 10/8): Presentation/critique of art project on Rhizome. Each student will be assigned one of the following projects featured in the past weeks on Rhizome.org. Write an approximately 200 word critique (with key question) on your blog, describing the artist and your review of their work. Follow the links from the Rhizome news piece and conduct a Google search on the artist(s) for additional information. Incorporate relevant links and images that will help illustrate your blog summary . Incorporate into your critique an analysis of the work based on your understanding of what constitutes multimedia forms, concepts we have discussed in class and in readings. Refer to your notes and the on-line syllabus for a detailed list of topics we have covered. Presentations are no more than 10 minutes and should summarize your critique, do not read from your blog.

Artists/works for critique:

Mircea Cantor's films of protest, tourism, politics, and labor (currently on view at the Hirshhorn Museum's Black Box Gallery).

Filmmakers Anthony McCall (American) and Imi Knoebel (German) both use the physical properties of projected light to create and illuminate architectural spaces.

On view at Documenta in Kassel, Germany, is '9 Scripts from a Nation at War,' a collaboration between artists David Thorne, Katya Sander, Ashley Hunt, Sharon Hayes, and Andrea Geye.

'Autonomous Agents' is the first major retrospective of American artist Lynn Hershman Leeson in the UK, who has been creating and experimenting with non-linear narratives since the 1970s.

Scottish artist Zoe Irvine's 'Dial-A-Diva' project has its historical roots in the Theatraphone, a medium that existed roughly from 1840 to 1920 that allowed those with the means to have a telephone in their home to patch in performances from theater and opera companies.

Hektor, the brainchild of artist Jurg Lehni, is a portable spray-paint output device for laptop computers that brings together graphics and artificial intelligence.

San Francisco-based artist Jonathon Keats is, in his own words, a 'fabulist.' Recently he has presented extraterrestrial abstract art, and now has made a gritty black-and-white work titled 'Cinema Botanica: Pornography for Plants' that features explicit acts of cross pollination filmed in photosynthetic silhouette.'

October 8, 2007

Artist Presentations

Presentation of artist projects from Rhizome.org

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October 11, 2007

Media Appropriation & Collage

Media Appropriation & Collage Project

We apply the technique of appropriation to the digital collage, in which text, image and sound are combined or "recombined" utilizing found material obtained from mass media, particularly the Web.

Websites devoted to the remix:

Recycled Cinema
Total Recut

Edit title screens for soundscape projects, upload to blogs.

Download YouTube utility program.

Reading: Alan Kay & Adele Goldberg, “Personal Dynamic Media”

Assignment (due 10/15): summary of "Personal Dynamic Media"
Assignment (due 10/25): Appropriation project

Project Description:

Appropriating found material from the Web – video, graphics, sound, music – create a collage work that alters the meaning of the original material. I want you to create a work that relates to the topic of war and propaganda. America has been at war since September 11, 2001, in countries that include Afghanistan and Iraq. Frictions have also occurred with countries in the Middle East, such as Iran and Syria, as well as North Korea. In order to launch a war, a nation has to convince its people it is the right thing to do. Sometimes this effort involves propaganda that is filtered through the media. We saw with Iraq a major campaign launched to convince the world that there were weapons of mass destruction. The President and his staff went on television talk shows, gave speeches, ran advertising during political campaigns, created slogans (“war on terror”), staged community events, etc., in their objective to convince America that war was necessary. In many ways the media collaborated in this effort by creating their slogans, graphics, logos, inviting generals to talk shows, interviewing soldiers, etc. We saw maps, battles plans, “situation rooms,” etc., particularly during the run up to the Iraq War in 2003.

For this project, I want you consider the methods utilized by the media to change public perception. Satirize these techniques by creating your own propaganda. You are going to sell America’s next war. You choose the location, the rationale, the purpose. Download images of war and come up with a message, a spin, a selling point that demonstrates how war is sold. For example, you can show how American soldiers have the opportunity visit exotic places (you may even mimic recruitment propaganda), you might demonstrate that war pilots learn skills useful for computer games; you might critique the idea of one country liberating another; you might sell American democracy, American capitalism, or America as a nation of wealth and prosperity.

The objective is to understand the process of how war is sold through propaganda. Whether or not you believe the war is right, it is important to understand how media is used as a technique to change perception, alter history, and generate wars.

The first step in the project is to choose a nation we are going to go to war with. Then decide why we are going to go to war with country, however true or absurd. What has that country done that requires us to attack. Then you need to mount a campaign to convince the nation that war is necessary. Choose your message, your angle, your selling points. Write a 200 word blog entry with an image of the country you have chosen that demonstrates why you think war is necessary. Are there missile sites? Is there a corrupt government or leader? Are there weapons of mass destructions? In other words, find a reason to go to war, choose an image that illustrates this need and give us your rationale.

Continue reading "Media Appropriation & Collage" »

October 15, 2007

Graphical User Interface

Discussion of “Personal Dynamic Media” by Alan Kay and the Graphical User Interface

How did the intuitive processes of learning in children provide the foundation for the development of the graphical user interface?

(to consider: interaction, doing, making, creating, real-time)

Discuss Media Appropriation projects. Review techniques for downloading, converting YouTube video into the Quicktime format, and then incorporating into Final Cut Pro.

We will follow the format of the political ad. Typically they are 30" in duration with a very clear message. Consider this ad by moveon.org about John McCain:

Or this spoof on the Apple commercial:

And this CNN piece on political propaganda through campaign ads:

Or this spoof ad for an "army of one,"

The next step in the assignment is to choose a video (or several) from YouTube that relates to your project. Bring the videos into final cut pro and re-edit to suit your needs. You may remove the sound track all together or use all or portions. You will add music of your own, sound effects (optional), and voice overlay. You may use typography (blank background or overlayed) to add or substitute for your message. The final piece should be 30" in duration with a clear message and warning regarding the next war.

For the Thursday, choose and download your YouTube video(s) and be prepared to work in class on your project. Also, write a rough draft of the voiceover (which can be typography or actual voice or both). The text will serve as the narrative of your project. Be prepared to discuss in class.

Techniques in Final Cut Pro: sequence settings, importing video, cut and paste, speed alteration, working with video and sound independently, exporting.


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October 18, 2007

Scripting & Storyboarding

Discussion of appropriation project ideas: we will focus on the central thesis of your critique, exploring themes of satire, seriousness, and the nature of the material you are appropriating. Of particularly importance, what is the central idea and how do you intend to make your point, in regards to text, images, and sound.

Discussion of the script. Once the projects have been conceptualized, material gathered, the next step is to write a draft script for the project. Break down the piece into sections, write all text to be used (and/or transcribe text from material), and indicate how the piece will arrive at its conclusion.

I am distributing an example of my work entitled, "Eulogy for the Nation"

Required assignments for midterm grade:

-- response to John Cage essay
-- Rhizome project hyperessay
-- soundscape project with title screen

October 22, 2007

Construction of the Remix

Work on appropriation projects

At this point, students have refined the central thesis of the project, have gathered relevant material from YouTube, drafted a rough script outline indicating the breakdown of the project into small sections, including how it arrives at a conclusion. This script includes any text to be incorporated, or text in the appropriated material.

As an example I have provide a sample script extracted from one of the videos we have viewed in class: The Moveon.org ad about John McCain's reckless statement to go to war with a new country and bomb Iran.

Link to TubeTV for downloading YouTube videos.

Continue reading "Construction of the Remix" »

October 29, 2007

Critique 3

Critique of the Recombinatory project

Each student will give a presentation of the work followed by class discussion. Additionally, scripts will be handed in (paper format) that include the following:

-- "the message," the point you are trying to convey in your work
-- "the propaganda," how are you making your point, how do you convey your message, what material have you appropriated to deliver the central idea of your piece
-- "sectional outline," break down your piece into its main sections and describe each briefly

When the work is complete, upload your video to your blog and include the above assignment.

Criteria for project 3: I am looking for the following elements in order to evaluate your work:

-- quality of the original concept "message," how compelling is the idea, how well does it lend itself to techniques of propaganda
-- quality of the propaganda, how successfully does the content you use to deliver your propaganda as manipulation articulate your "message"
-- quality of the narrative, how compelling is your piece as a whole, does it engage us, is it convincing, is it believable?
-- quality of the technical, successful implementation of the whole process of finding and downloading YouTube video, demonstration of editing technique in Final Cut, use of sound, and final upload to Blog.

Reading: Char Davies, “Changing Space: Virtual Reality as an Arena of Embodied Being”
Prepare for discussion with question/summary

November 5, 2007

Alternate Reality - Final Project

The final project will involve the construction of an alternate reality, transforming place through the integration of media: text, image, sound, video, animation and interactivity to situate the viewer in a navigable, fictional world. The alternate reality is a radical shift from the one we live in, involving a transformational narrative that brings together location, characters, and context into a fully developed mythical reality.

DVD Studio Pro Tutorial
Hands-on session with DVD Studio Pro to introduce interactive authoring technique
We will build a DVD in basic mode from a tutorial in the Apple Pro Training Series
Lesson 1: Preparing Your First DVD Project

Reading: Char Davies, “Changing Space: Virtual Reality as an Arena of Embodied Being”

Assignment (due Nov. 8): blog entry - summary of "Changing Space"
Assignment (due Nov. 8):
Completed concept for class discussion (200 words on blog)

Continue reading "Alternate Reality - Final Project" »

November 8, 2007

Storyboarding

Discussion of Concepts for Alternate Reality project

Discussion of essay by Char Davies and her virtual reality installation, Osmose

Storyboarding: Creating a narrative outline and flowchart to indicate the non-linear structure of the project.

-- Flowchart: adapt your conceptual description to a flowchart indicating the arrangement of sections in the narrative. The structure is typically branching, meaning there are choices to be made by the viewer indicating the various options of the narrative. Be sure that the narrative does not require a linear flow of events. The more abstract the work, the more the narrative depends on impressions or self-contained events, the more it will lend itself to the non-sequential structure. Indicate the menus, transitions, tracks and slideshows according to the components of DVD Studio Pro. Hand in on Monday, Nov. 12

view example of flowchart

-- Narrative Outline: one you have a structure for the work, provide a brief description of each section, including all menus, video transitions, video tracks, and slideshows. The whole document should be no longer than 200 - 300 words. Hand in on Monday, Nov. 12

November 12, 2007

Non-linear Narrative

Review of projects: narrative flowcharts and outlines

Discussion of artworks based on non-linear narrative forms:

Branching narrative - Involves a starting point followed by a sequence of choices that branch out in multiple directions. The story may have an ending, but that ending is reached in different ways. Examples:

My Boyfriend Came Home From the War by Olia Lianina
Grammatron by Mark Amerika
Portrait One by Luc Courchesne

Strategies for filming video vignettes

From your storyboard flowchart and narrative outline, break down the piece into specific video vignettes. Each of the vignettes will be a video sequence the viewer will experience as one part of the entire narrative. Keep them short, approximately 30" - 2' in length. I would recommend creating between 5 and 10 vignettes depending upon the requirements of your piece.

Assignment for Thursday, November 14: Create an audio/visual storyboard with one or two photographs for each vignette. Including descriptive, camera, and audio information, as well as narrative text if you decide to include a voiceover or textual narration. Post the results on your blog and be prepared to discuss in class.

The following is a methodology for preparing the vignettes:

Continue reading "Non-linear Narrative" »

November 15, 2007

Storyboard Review

Review process/criteria for flowchart, narrative outline, and storyboard

Flowchart - a visual, conceptual layout indicating the arrangement of sections in the narrative. This includes all menus, slideshows, video tracks, and special video transitions. For example, each video or slideshow sequence is given a short description, such as: "car scene," "George Washington statue," "waterfront promenade," "small pond," "shopping mall," "parking lot," or "small park." Each menu lists the sections of the piece, such as: "Everyday scenes," "Statues," "Waterfront," "Park," "Find Waldo," "Crime scenes," or "Downtown scenes."

Narrative Outline - A brief, one or two sentence description of each of the narrative sections of the piece, typically the video and/or slide show sequences. Concisely explain what is taking place in the scene. For example, in the Find Waldo piece: "Waldo is seated motionless in the cafe of an indoor shopping mall, surrounded by shoppers."

Audio/Visual Storyboard - For each of your narrative scenes (videos and/or slideshows), you now have one or two photographs that document the location and the relative camera angle. Each scene is numbered and titled, brief description of scene (you can draw from your narrative outline), time of day, description of camera angle/movement, as well as a description of audio elements, synched sound, special effects, music. If there is narration, whether textual or voiceover, include the script/lines that will be used.

Revise flowchart and narrative outline to incorporate new elements in storyboard. We will print out updates during class.

Presentation of storyboard

Overview of video camera technique and the creative use of the camera.

November 19, 2007

Logging & Capturing

Overview of logging & capturing techniques. Each student will transfer footage to disk with the DV deck, using timecode (00:00:00:00; hours:minutes:seconds:frames) to log material. If you only have one or two tapes, I recommend you capture the whole tape to your firewire drive, since it is about 11 gigabytes per hour. This way, you have all the material on your drive to speed up the editing process and you have a backup of all your material.

Continue reading "Logging & Capturing" »

November 26, 2007

Video Editing

Update on production schedule

Organization of footage into scenes: we will create multiple sequences in Final Cut Pro to facilitate the editing of each scene. We will also determine additional audio needs. All material must be ready for final editing beginning on Thursday.

Continue reading "Video Editing" »

November 29, 2007

Final Editing + Video Effects

Final projects are in the final phase of editing. We are going to work the entire class so I can make suggestions for your individual projects.

Review of the critical points to be concerned with at this stage:

-- be sure you are editing a separate sequence for each scene. From this sequence you will export a video file that will be imported into DVD Studio Pro.

-- keep the scenes short and be sure you study your video carefully to in order work with the most interesting material

-- regarding sound, you can add sound effects and music into Final Cut Pro, and/or you can use SoundTrack to use special audio effects such as reverb and have more control over the layering of sound as we did in the first project, although Final Cut Pro works almost as well. If you do use SoundTrack, export your sound files to aiff and then import into Final Cut Pro.

-- Explore the Final Cut Pro video effects. Some of them can lend interesting atmospheric quality, and some may actually improve the quality of your footage. The brightness / contrast, along with desaturation, is especially useful and effective.

-- Be sure you have a solid version of your scenes ready for Monday because we will begin the final phase of the project, authoring your piece in DVD Studio Pro.

December 3, 2007

DVD Authoring

Hands-on tutorial for DVD Authoring

Techniques for importing, organizing, and programming your media in DVD Studio Pro. It is critical that your video projects are edited (even if not entirely complete) and ready for export. It is important to have your flowcharts as a reference to determine exactly how many video clips, menus, slideshow graphics etc., you will need for your DVD

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December 6, 2007

DVD Authoring II

Continuation of DVD Authoring: compression, creation of buttons, programming connections between media.

Final critique: Thursday, December 13th, 5pm
Bring a finished DVD disc for presentation

Be sure to test!

Continue reading "DVD Authoring II" »

December 13, 2007

Final Critique

5:00 PM - Final Critique, all works shown from disc. Be prepared to hand in a disc to make sure you have extra copies.

Spatial

Multimedia Studio | Katzen 210

Instructor

Randall Packer | Katzen 216
tel | 202-885-2773
email | rpacker@zakros.com
course syllabi |
multimedia.american.edu/teaching
personal web | www.zakros.com

Reading

Multimedia : From Wagner to Virtual Reality
Edited by Randall Packer &
Ken Jordan
web | www.artmuseum.net/w2vr/

Additional Resources

Multimedia

Randall Packer, Coordinator
Multimedia
Department of Art
American University